经方中麻黄与石膏的配伍规律探析

通过对以麻黄和石膏为主要配伍的经方进行分析,归纳麻黄与石膏的主要配伍规律。认为麻黄与石膏既可相互制约,又可相互为用,通过剂量的调整和方中其他辅助药物的加减变化,二者配伍应用可以实现发汗清热兼顾、以发汗为主和以清热为主等不同治疗目的。     

Physical Compatibility of Sodium Glycerophosphate and Calcium Gluconate in Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Solutions

Background: The solubility of inorganic calcium and phosphate in parenteral solutions can be complicated in pediatrics due to the dosing of calcium and phosphorus at the saturation point. The purpose of this study was to test the solubility of sodium glycerophosphate (NaGP) with calcium gluconate in pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. Methods: Five PN solutions were compounded by adding calcium gluconate at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mEq/L and corresponding concentrations of NaGP at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mmol/L. Each of the 5 solutions was compounded using 1.5% and 4% amino acids, cysteines, and lipids. Compatibility was evaluated by visual inspection (precipitation, haze, and color change). Solutions were evaluated microscopically for any microcrystals and measured by a turbidimeter for changes in turbidity. Solutions were further analyzed using United States Pharmacopeia 788 standards. Six hundred seventy‐one PN solutions were compounded at various concentrations and evaluated for visual stability. Results: Compatibility testing showed no changes in the PN solution in any of the concentrations tested. Microscopically, no microcrystals were detected. The turbidimeter measurements had changes of ≤0.14 nephelometric turbidity units for all test solutions. There were no visual changes in any of the 671 PN solutions. Conclusion: It is recommended that NaGP replace sodium phosphate in PN solutions. This would eliminate the concern of calcium and phosphorus precipitation and the need of any saturation curves.     

土茯苓的临床应用及其用量探究

通过总结分析经典名方和现代医家运用土茯苓的临床配伍及用量,探讨得出其临床用量范围为9~240 g。依据疾病和证型的特点,选择土茯苓的不同配伍和用量,如配伍威灵仙等解毒除湿,治疗风湿免疫系统疾病,常用30~60 g;配伍败酱草利湿通淋,治疗泌尿系统疾病,常用15~60 g;配伍椿根白皮等解毒杀虫,治疗妇科疾病,常用10~60 g。若病情急重,或病程缠绵,可重用至120~240 g,但应用大剂量时需注意配伍防护,随病情变化及时加减,中病即止。     

基于网络药理学及分子对接分析丹参黄芪配伍治疗冠心病和心绞痛的活性成分及作用机制

目的：从分子水平研究丹参黄芪配伍抗冠心病和心绞痛的分子机制。方法：采用中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台（Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology，TCMSP）获取丹参和黄芪活性成分，基于CTD （Comparative Toxicogenomics Database，比较毒物基因组学数据库）筛选冠心病和心绞痛的关键靶标。借助STRING软件对心绞痛和冠心病的靶标基因进行相互作用分析，基于分子对接（Sybyl2.1）对筛选所得的丹参、黄芪的活性成分与心绞痛及冠心病靶点进行分子对接验证。借助Cytoscape3.5.1构建"活性成分-靶点"网络模型。结果：丹参黄芪共筛选出61个活性成分，其中丹参44个，黄芪17个。筛选出冠心病靶标25个，心绞痛靶标7个，通过靶蛋白PPI网络分析，肿瘤坏死因子、基质金属蛋白酶-9、Toll样受体4、载脂蛋白E、脂肪酸转运蛋白、血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶、基质金属蛋白酶-3、尿激酶为冠心病和心绞痛疾病的关键靶标蛋白。分子对接发现黄芪单味药、丹参单味药、黄芪丹参配伍用药可能通过调节尿激酶（PLAU）、载脂蛋白E （APOE）、血管紧张素I转化酶（ACE）发挥抗冠心病及心绞痛的作用。结论：从分子层面筛选丹参黄芪配伍治疗冠心病、心绞痛疾病的关键活性成分及靶点，为其配伍后实验研究和临床应用提供合理解释。     

Direct synthesis of heparin-like poly(ether sulfone) polymer and its blood compatibility

In this study, heparin-like poly(ethersulfone) (HLPES) was synthesized by a combination of polycondensation and post-carboxylation methods, and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum and gel permeation chromatography. Owing to the similar backbone structure, the synthesized HLPES could be directly blended with pristine PES at any ratios to prepare PES/HLPES membranes. After the introduction of HLPES, the microscopic structure of the modified PES membranes was changed, while the hydrophilicity was significantly enhanced. Bovine serum albumin and bovine serum fibrinogen adsorption, activated partial thromboplastin time, thromb time and platelet adhesion for the modified PES membranes were investigated. The results indicated that the blood compatibility of the PES/HLPES membranes was significantly improved compared with that of pristine PES membrane. For the PES/HLPES membranes, obvious decreases in platelet activation on PF-4 level, in complement activation on C3a and C5a levels, and in leukocytes activation on CD11b levels were observed compared with those for the pristine PES membrane. The improved blood compatibility of the PES/HLPES membrane might due to the existence of the hydrophilic groups (–SO₃Na, –COONa). Furthermore, the modified PES membranes showed good cytocompatibility. Hepatocytes cultured on the PES/HLPES membranes presented improved growth in terms of SEM observation, MTT assay and confocal laser scanning microscope observation compared with those on the pristine PES membrane. These results indicate that the PES/HLPES membranes present great potential in blood-contact fields such as hemodialysis and bio-artificial liver supports.     

国医大师张志远应用茯苓药对经验拾萃

国医大师张志远积累了丰富的临床用药经验,张老知药而用,并重视药物配伍。从药性及经验药对方面对张老应用茯苓经验进行论述,如茯苓配伍甘草治疗惊悸不安,茯苓配伍泽泻治疗痰饮水肿,茯苓配伍天麻治疗头眩耳鸣,茯苓配伍麻黄治疗痰饮咳嗽,拓宽了茯苓应用范围,将其灵活准确运用于诸多疾病的治疗,效果显著。     

祛瘀化痰通脉方对高脂血症金黄地鼠肠道菌群的调节作用

目的:探究中药复方祛瘀化痰通脉方对高脂血症金黄地鼠肠道菌群的调节作用及功效配伍的科学性。方法:实验选用叙利亚金黄地鼠,分为正常、模型、复方、祛瘀、化痰和解毒组6组,每组8只。采用高脂饲料喂饲法形成金黄地鼠高脂血症模型,造模4周,灌胃给予祛瘀组(1.11 g·kg^-1),化痰组(0.39 g·kg^-1),解毒组(0.07 g·kg^-1),祛瘀化痰通脉方组(1.42 g·kg^-1),正常组与模型组给予等体积的蒸馏水,每天1次,连续灌胃6周。收集血清测定血脂,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝脏病理形态,收集粪便进行肠道菌群16S rRNA基因高通量测序分析。结果:与正常组比较,模型组金黄地鼠体质量增长明显(P<0.05,P<0.01),各项血脂指标均显著升高(P<0.01),肠道菌群多样性明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),菌群相对丰度门、科、属水平均发生明显变化(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,祛瘀化痰通脉方能控制高脂血症金黄地鼠体质量变化,降低血清甘油三酯(TG),总胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(LDL-C/HDL-C)(P<0.05,P<0.01);改善肠道菌群结构,显著降低厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比值(P<0.01),增加拟杆菌科、紫单孢菌科、理研菌科、巴氏杆菌属等菌群丰度(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低红蝽菌属的相对丰度(P<0.05)。各配伍组对高脂血症金黄地鼠血脂、肠道菌群具有不同程度的改善作用,其中解毒组降血脂作用和化痰组菌群调节作用更接近复方组。结论:祛瘀化痰通脉方及配伍组从不同角度对金黄地鼠高脂血症发挥不同程度的改善作用,其作用机制可能与调节肠道菌群结构、改善肠道微生态有关,复方组作用最为显著,化痰组次之,本研究亦为中药复方祛瘀化痰通脉方配伍的科学性提供了依据。     

Measurement of partner compatibility: further validation and refinement of the CQ test

Abstract

The Compatibility Quotient (CQ) was developed to assess the degree of similarity within an established or potential couple across domains likely to be important in determining long-term happiness. Validity was supported by correlations with Locke–Wallace Marital Adjustment scores and norms presented that enabled CQ scores to be arranged on a normal curve similar to that used for IQ (intelligence) ratings. Here we replicate the validity findings with an independent, larger and more representative sample of British couples (N = 204), compare item validities with ratings of perceived importance of the various issues, and consider the claims of five new items for inclusion within the CQ. A revised (Mark 2) CQ questionnaire consisting of 25 revised items is recommended for future use.     

RGD多肽化学修饰聚苯乙烯培养板的细胞相容性研究

目的 考察RGD多肽化学修饰聚苯乙烯培养板细胞相容性研究.方法 采用高锰酸钾硫酸溶液对聚苯乙烯表面进行氧化反应,生成羧基位点；水溶性碳二亚胺活化羧基,接枝明胶、胶原和RGD多肽.用红外光谱、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、动态接触角等研究了RGD化学修饰聚苯乙烯的变化,并考察了RGD化学修饰聚苯乙烯后细胞相容性的变化.结果 XPS结果证实了聚苯乙烯表面N原子的引入,RGD是共价键合在聚苯乙烯表面的.动态接触角下降显著,证明修饰表面的亲水性能提高.在修饰后的聚苯乙烯培养板种植入表皮细胞,结果显示提高了细胞的黏附和增殖能力.结论 聚苯乙烯表面进行RGD化学修饰,有利于提高细胞在其表面的黏附和增殖能力,有望为免疫磁珠分离得到的高纯度内皮祖细胞提供良好的培养介质.